Mushroom Farming Guides by State (2026)
India produced roughly 0.34 million tonnes of mushrooms in 2023–24, and that output is spread very unevenly across the country. This page maps where mushrooms are actually grown: which states lead production, what each climate zone can support, and where the research institutes, subsidies and buyers are. Below, every Indian state is grouped by its climate zone so you can find guidance that matches your region.
📅 Looking for timing rather than location?
This page covers where mushrooms are grown in India. If your question is when — which variety suits which month, the temperature each one needs, and when to start composting — that is answered in full in our dedicated guide to mushroom season in India, including a month-by-month calendar for Button, Oyster, Milky and Paddy Straw.
Which states produce the most mushrooms?
India produced roughly 0.34 million tonnes of mushrooms in 2023–24, which places the country sixth in the world and represents more than double the 0.155 million tonnes recorded in 2019–20. The growth has not come from where most people expect.
| Rank | State | Production (2023–24) | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bihar | ~42,000 tonnes | ~12% |
| 2 | Odisha | ~34,600 tonnes | ~9.9% |
| 3 | Maharashtra | ~33,300 tonnes | ~9.5% |
| 4 | Uttar Pradesh | ~27,700 tonnes | ~7.9% |
| 5 | Uttarakhand | ~27,000 tonnes | ~7.7% |
| 6 | Haryana | ~24,100 tonnes | ~6.9% |
| 7 | Chhattisgarh | ~22,400 tonnes | ~6.4% |
| 8 | Rajasthan | ~21,400 tonnes | ~6.1% |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | ~20,900 tonnes | ~5.9% |
| 10 | Punjab | ~19,800 tonnes | ~5.6% |
Bihar overtook everyone, and that tells you something
Bihar is India’s largest mushroom producer, and it arrived there fast — from roughly thirteenth place to first inside about three years, with Gaya, Bhojpur, Jamui and Katihar leading the state’s output. Odisha and Maharashtra follow it.
What makes that ranking interesting is who is missing from the top three. The traditional Button mushroom belt — Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand — built India’s mushroom industry on large capital-intensive climate-controlled units, and those states now sit fifth through tenth. The states that overtook them did it largely through very large numbers of small growers working with Oyster and other low-capital varieties that need no cooling.
For anyone deciding whether to start, that is the more useful signal in this table. Leading production no longer requires the capital that Button farming demands, and the states climbing fastest are the ones where small units multiplied. Our Bihar guide covers how that state’s combination of low setup costs and active subsidy produced the shift.
⚠ About these figures
Production data is compiled from 2023–24 horticulture statistics. Advance and revised estimates differ by a few percent between publications, so the tonnages above are given as approximations — the ranking is consistent across sources, the exact figures move slightly. For the current official numbers, check the National Horticulture Board and the Ministry of Agriculture’s horticulture statistics.
Hot semi-arid plains
Haryana and Punjab share the hot semi-arid belt where summer highs of 40–45°C rule out Button Mushroom (which prefers 15–22°C) without insulated rooms or evaporative cooling through the hot months. The cool half of the year is a different matter: ambient temperatures here match Button cultivation almost perfectly with zero active cooling, which is precisely what made this belt India’s Button heartland. Oyster Mushroom works year-round if humidity is held above 80% — straightforward when it is cool, requiring sprinklers and shade when it is not. PAU Ludhiana and CCS HAU Hisar lead the regional research scene.
Subtropical plains
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh form the subtropical plain belt, with cool 8–18°C winters and very hot 35–45°C summers. The cool half of the year is ideal for Button Mushroom production without expensive cooling. Oyster Mushroom can be grown nearly year-round if humidity is held at 80–85% with simple sprinklers. Paddy and wheat straw are abundant across the belt — substrate cost is among the lowest in India.
Tropical coastal
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha share warm coastal climates (typically 22–35°C year-round) with high humidity. This naturally aligns with Oyster Mushroom and Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica), which both thrive at 25–35°C. Button Mushroom is viable here only in the coolest part of the year, and only with active cooling. Restaurant and hotel demand in Mumbai, Bengaluru and Chennai pays a premium for fresh and exotic varieties.
Arid
Rajasthan has the largest temperature swing of any zone in India — winter lows of 5°C and summer highs that touch 50°C. Button Mushroom is profitable without cooling only in the short winter; the rest of the year requires insulated rooms or evaporative coolers, and many farmers shift to Oyster Mushroom in cooled rooms during the summer. Rajasthan Horticulture Department supports protected cultivation under MIDH.
Tropical humid
West Bengal's tropical humid climate (mild 12–20°C winters, humid 85–95% summers) is one of the easiest in India to grow Oyster Mushroom — natural humidity does most of the work. Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) thrives in the hot wet summers (30–38°C) when most other varieties struggle. Mushroom is a long-standing staple in Bengali cuisine, which keeps local market demand consistently high.
Arid coastal
Gujarat blends arid inland with coastal humidity — coastal districts such as Surat get natural humidity for Oyster Mushroom while inland districts like Ahmedabad and Vadodara need active humidification. Button Mushroom is a winter-only crop here; Oyster works most of the year. Growing urban demand in Ahmedabad and Surat makes the state a profitable target market.
Tropical semi-arid
Telangana sits between the tropical coastal belt and the dry interior — mild 15–25°C winters, hot 35–42°C summers. Year-round Oyster Mushroom production is workable with simple humidification, and Milky Mushroom does well in summer when most other varieties fail. Hyderabad's expanding IT workforce and health-food trend keep premium price points firm.
Tropical wet
Kerala and Goa have warm, humid year-round conditions (22–33°C, often 85–95% RH). This is naturally aligned with Oyster Mushroom and Milky Mushroom; Button Mushroom is essentially out of reach without dedicated cold rooms. Kerala's Kudumbashree women's SHG programme has made it the country's benchmark for community mushroom farming, and Goa's tourism economy supports premium prices for fresh and exotic varieties.
Temperate hills
Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir get cool to cold year-round — winter lows that drop to −10°C and mild summers (15–28°C). Button Mushroom thrives here on natural climate alone, with effectively zero cooling cost during the productive season. Shiitake and other premium varieties also fruit reliably. ICAR-DMR Solan, India's apex mushroom research body, is in this belt — training options here are deeper than anywhere else in the country.
North-East monsoon
The North-East — Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram — gets a subtropical monsoon climate with mild winters (10–20°C) and warm humid summers (25–35°C). High humidity of 85–95% suits Oyster Mushroom, Paddy Straw and Milky Mushroom with minimal climate intervention. North-East states qualify for enhanced central horticulture-mission subsidies, and Tripura's Mushroom Village programme is a national benchmark for community-led mushroom farming.
City-level training pages
For city-specific training options and local market notes, see all city training pages.
